Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
We present a new methodology to partition different sources of behavior change within a selectionist framework based on the Price equation—the multilevel model of behavioral selection. The multilevel model of behavioral selection provides a theoretical background to describe behavior change in terms of operant selection. Operant selection is formally captured by the covariance-based law of effect and accounts for all changes in individual behavior that involve a covariance between behavior and predictors of evolutionary fitness (e.g., food). In this article, we show how the covariance-based law of effect may be applied to different components of operant behavior (e.g., allocation, speed, and accuracy of responding), thereby providing quantitative estimates for various selection effects affecting behavior change using data from a published learning experiment with pigeons....
Ejector-based proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are of great interest due to their simplicity and feasibility. Thus, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered the most suitable technology for in-vehicle systems, industrial applications, etc. Despite the passive characteristics of the ejector, active control of the hydrogen supply system is needed to ensure sufficient hydrogen, maintain the stack pressure, and ensure effective entrainment. In this research, a novel semi-empirical model is proposed to accurately predict the entrainment performance of the ejector with an 80 kW fuel cell system. According to the precise semi-empirical model, the hydrogen supply system and the anode channel are modeled. Then, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is developed to supply sufficient and adequate gas flow and maintain the rapid dynamic response. Compared to the conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller, the fuzzy logic controller could reduce the anode pressure variability by 5% during a stepped case and 2% during a dynamic case....
The retreat of mountain glaciers inevitably leads to an increase in the number of outburst moraine lakes. One of the possible mechanisms of moraine dam outburst along with overflow over the crest is the formation of a filtration channel in the body of the moraine dam (piping). An algorithm for calculating the outburst flood hydrograph, describing the development of a filtration channel in the body of a moraine dam and the subsequent formation of water overflow when the soil above the channel collapses, is proposed in this paper. Verification of proposed methodology was carried out on the basis of experimental data and published data of real outbursts. Satisfactory results verifying this methodology made it possible to use the proposed methodology for the calculation of the hydrograph of the outburst of Lake Bashkara in the Elbrus region, which occurred on 1 September 2017. It is shown that the simulation results are quantitatively comparable with the estimates obtained from field data: the time of water discharge through the channel was 16 min, the period of the outburst wave passage was 40 min, and the maximum discharge was 636 m3/s. Thus, the possibility of applying the proposed methodology for calculating the destruction of natural moraine dams has been demonstrated....
Local Hamiltonians Hk describe nontrivial k-body interactions in quantum many-body systems. Here, we address the dynamical simulatability of a k-local Hamiltonian by a simpler one Hk with k < k, under the realistic constraint that both Hamiltonians act on the same Hilbert space. When it comes to exact simulation, we build upon known methods to derive examples of Hk and Hk that simulate the same physics. We also address the most realistic case of approximate simulation. There, we upper-bound the error up to which a Hamiltonian can simulate another one, regardless of their internal structure, and show an example suggesting that the accuracy of a (k = 2)-local Hamiltonian to simulate Hk with k > 2 increases with k. Finally, we propose a method to search for the k-local Hamiltonian that simulates, with the highest possible precision, the short time dynamics of a given Hk Hamiltonian....
Based on video analysis of downhill skiing areas a model for ski traffic is developed. The video analysis uses PeTrack to determine the trajectories of individual skiers which are then statistically analysed. A stochastic cellular automaton model is proposed that can reproduce the basic observed features. The empirical data are used for validation and calibration of the model. In the future, the model may help to analyse comfort and safety on skiing slopes, especially the risk of collisions....
Loading....